PHYSICS

• Electrostatics: Electric charge, Coulomb’s law, electric field, Gauss’s law, 

• Electric potential, capacitance, dielectrics, and their properties.

• Current Electricity: Electric current, Ohm’s law, Kirchhoff’s laws, electrical resistance, resistivity, and conductivity.
• Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism: Magnetic field, magnetic force, magnetic field due to a current, Ampere’s law, magnetic materials, and their properties.
• Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Current: Electromagnetic induction, Faraday’s law, Lenz’s law, self and mutual inductance, alternating currents, and their properties.
• Electromagnetic Waves: Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics, properties, and applications.
• Optics: Reflection, refraction, laws of reflection and refraction, total internal reflection, dispersion, and optical instruments such as microscope, telescope, and spectrometer.
• Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation: Photoelectric effect, De Broglie’s hypothesis, Davisson-Germer experiment, and electron microscope.
• Atoms and Nuclei: Atomic structure, Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom, X-rays, and their properties, nuclear properties, radioactivity, and nuclear reactions.
• Electronic Devices: Semiconductor, p-n junction, diodes, transistors, and their characteristics, digital electronics, logic gates, and Boolean algebra.