CHEMISTRY
The Class 12 NCERT Chemistry syllabus is divided into various chapters covering different topics. Here is the chapter-wise breakdown of the Class 12 NCERT Chemistry syllabus:
Chapter 3: Electrochemistry
- Redox reactions and oxidation numbers
- Electrochemical cells and their types
- Electrode potential and electrochemical series
- Nernst equation and its applications
- Conductance in electrolytic solutions
- Kohlrausch's law and its applications
- Batteries and fuel cells
Chapter 4: Chemical Kinetics
- Rate of a chemical reaction
- Factors influencing the rate of a reaction
- Integrated rate equations
- Rate constant and its units
- Order and molecularity of a reaction
- Temperature dependence of the rate of a reaction
- Mechanism of reaction
Chapter 5: Surface Chemistry
- Adsorption and its types
- Factors affecting adsorption
- Catalysis and its types
- Colloids and their properties
- Emulsions and their types
- Micelles and their applications
Chapter 6: General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
- Occurrence of metals
- Concentration of ores
- Extraction of crude metal from ores
- Thermodynamic and electrochemical principles of metallurgy
- Refining of metals
- Occurrence and principles of extraction of some non-metals
Chapter 7: The p-Block Elements
- Group 15 elements: Nitrogen family
- Group 16 elements: Oxygen family
- Group 17 elements: Halogens
- Group 18 elements: Noble gases
Chapter 8: The d- and f-Block Elements
- General properties of transition elements
- Electronic configuration and atomic sizes of transition elements
- Ionization enthalpy and oxidation states of transition elements
- Colour and magnetic properties of transition metal compounds
- Lanthanoids and actinoids
Chapter 9: Coordination Compounds
- Werner's theory of coordination compounds
- Nomenclature of coordination compounds
- Isomerism in coordination compounds
- Bonding in coordination compounds
- Magnetic properties of coordination compounds
- Importance and applications of coordination compounds
Chapter 10: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
- Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C-X bond, methods of preparation, and reactions
- Haloarenes: Nomenclature, nature of C-X bond, methods of preparation, and reactions
- Polyhalogen compounds
Chapter 11: Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers
- Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, and reactions
- Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, and reactions
- Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, and reactions
- Some commercially important compounds
Chapter 12: Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids
- Aldehydes and ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, and reactions
- Carboxylic acids: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, and reactions
- Acidic nature of carboxylic acids and their derivatives
- Esters and amides
Chapter 13: Amines
- Classification, nomenclature, and structure of amines
- Preparation of amines
- Physical and chemical properties of amines
- Diazonium salts and their applications
Chapter 14: Biomolecules
- Carbohydrates: Classification, monosaccharides, and polysaccharides
- Proteins: Amino acids, peptide bond, and structure of proteins
- Enzymes: Classification, mechanism of enzyme action, and factors affecting enzyme activity
- Nucleic acids: Structure of DNA and RNA
Chapter 15: Polymers
- Classification of polymers
- Types of polymerization reactions
- Molecular mass of polymers
- Biodegradable polymers and their applications
- Polymers of commercial importance
Chapter 16: Chemistry in Everyday Life
- Drugs and their classification
- Therapeutic action of different classes of drugs
- Chemicals in food
- Cleansing agents
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